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The great diversity of animal and plant species that exist
on the planet it is known as
biodiversity
. This is a consequence
the variety of natural conditions in the geographical area
and the evolution of species.
Ecuador near the climate is characterized by constant rain
all year and high temperatures that create a warm atmosphere
and humid favorable for the growth of forests, where
located numerous plant and animal species.
To turn away from Ecuador, toward the poles, rain is scarce and
climate is drier. In this desert area
species develop
very different from the jungle; for example, shrubs in
They have thorns instead of leaves to prevent moisture loss
and other retaining water inside, as biznagas.
In these environments, greatly reduced the variety of species
vegetables from lack of moisture.
At higher latitudes, between 50 ° and 60 °, approximately, is
located coniferous forests. Due to heavy rains
and low temperatures, the leaves of trees are thin but
green and flexible, water slide where
and snow. This natural region, extending
in Europe and North America, it is the most
studied, so more is known
species.
Fewer species are observed near the poles.
Low temperatures during the year limit
growth of plants and animals that develop
survival mechanisms.
There is an extensive biodiversity on Earth;
however, the nearly 200 countries, only 12 con-
focus about 70% of biodiversity
The world, hence they are called mega-diverse.
These countries are Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia,
Mexico, United States, Democratic Republic
del Congo, Madagascar, Australia, Indonesia,
India and China.
Each modification of the environment causes
variation in vegetation and fauna; so that
a region this variety in the conditions
natural, such as climate, terrain, type of rocks, presence
of rivers, among others, it will be favorable for the development of
a variety of plant and animal species.
E
Forest Reserve, Santa Elena, Costa
Rich. The leaves of the plants
grow in tropical forests
They are great to absorb most
water amount.
E
Cacti have no leaves but thorns that help them
save water.
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